Abstraction has long been a valuable tool for scientists and engineers to simplify and understand complex systems. This approach has brought significant progress across various fields. For instance, beginner electrical engineering students are introduced to resistance by ignoring factors like heat conduction, wire induction, and capacitance, which would otherwise complicate their understanding of this key concept. Similarly, physics students often first study falling objects by considering only the effect of gravity and disregarding air resistance, making it easier to grasp the basic principles of motion. In computer engineering, the initial study of operational amplifiers assumes ideal conditions such as infinite open-loop gain and input resistance, no current draw, and uniform bandwidth—assumptions that are not true in practice but help simplify early learning before delving into more complex realities. These kinds of idealized models are also common in biology and medicine. For exam...
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