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 There is a long history of trade and communication between the inhabitants of the northwest corner of Europe and other regions of the world. While the Vikings' raids and invasions caused fear throughout portions of Europe, the northerners eventually adopted the ideals of the rest of Europe as a result of Christianization. Several societies' social structures were impacted by the international Catholic church. Originally, priestly training was supplied via schools in the Nordic region. The Reformation significantly reduced the Church's worldwide power. Social authorities imposed a new educational paradigm in the 18th century: public education became required for all students. This public school promoted reading and deepened students' understanding of Christianity. Gradually, the notion surfaced that schools need to accomplish more than only disseminating Christian doctrine; the necessity of teacher education was acknowledged as an inevitable byproduct. The extension of

2014 saw the publication of the first Italian Society of Surgery Biennial Report, which covered the broad uses and issues of robotics in general surgery. Over the course of these nearly ten years, advancements in robotic surgery and the fine-tuning of corresponding technological steps have led to significant advancements in the fields of thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic surgery. This is particularly true for robotic colorectal surgery, which is why it seemed important to publish a new book on the topic. I am profoundly grateful to prominent authorities on robotic surgery, Graziano Ceccarelli and Andrea Coratti, for publishing this superb monograph that brings us up to date on this subject. The volume's editors and authors cover every facet of robotic colorectal surgery in its 25 chapters, from the advancement of technology to the creation of colorectal resections. They pay close attention to the costs, learning curves, training, and cost-effectiveness of the various techniques. The

This open-access book evaluates healthcare systems in Africa from a variety of angles. It analyzes the effects of socioeconomic factors, such as urbanization, population growth, and education, on various health indicators, such as the status of health professionals, patients' decision-making, the distribution of health resources, mortality rates, and the burden of disease, by looking at empirical data from different African countries. In addition, subjects like insurance policies in Africa and the usage of social media in healthcare are covered. Academics and professionals with an interest in healthcare in Africa would find this book interesting. Studies and research on the state of healthcare in African nations are extremely rare. Marincola and Kariuki (2020) claim that although Africa bears 20% of the world's illness burden, the continent receives only 1% of the world's scientific production. Closing the epistemic gap will help us better comprehend the reality of the cont

You have unrestricted, free access to this book since it is open access. reveals biases in English news articles covering a certain political event by using an interdisciplinary approach. explains person-oriented framing analysis, a method for evaluating how the people who are portrayed in publications about events are portrayed. combines political science, computational linguistics, and computer science methods. Authors: Felix Hamborg This chapter serves as both a motivation and a summary of my study on bias in news reports. The problems brought on by biased news coverage are outlined in Section 1.1. It is impossible to overstate the significance of these challenges given the already significant impact that consistently skewed media coverage has had on society decisions—like democratic elections. Subsequently, Section 1.2 provides a concise overview of the research lacuna concerning the detection and dissemination of media bias. I establish my research topic and derive relevant resear

  This freely available book provides a strategic viewpoint on artificial intelligence and the process of integrating it into society.   After extensive study spanning several decades, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently making its way into mainstream society.   AI's versatile nature will revolutionise civilisation in numerous, essential, and unforeseeable ways.   Hence, the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) defines AI as a system technology, which is a unique category of technologies that profoundly influence society as a whole.   Previous technological advancements encompassed electricity, the internal combustion engine, and the computer.   The historical background of these technologies offers valuable insights into the necessary requirements for effectively implementing AI in society.   The WRR outlines five essential duties for effectively addressing this process: demystification, contextualization, engagement, regulation, and positioning.   Soci

This publication is open access, meaning that you have unrestricted and free access. Offers an interdisciplinary understanding of peatland destruction and environmental governance insights. Presents comparative research on established fieldwork methodologies and modern technology. Examines the feasibility of remote research with rural communities through online facilitation. Editors: Masaaki Okamoto, Takamasa Osawa, Wahyu Prasetyawan, Akhwan Binawan Publisher: Springer Download Local Governance of Peatland Restoration in Riau, Indonesia Click Here The present chapter provides an overview of the contextual framework of the book. The publication emerged as a product of a transdisciplinary collaborative research endeavor focused on addressing issues related to tropical peatlands in Indonesia. This chapter provides an overview of the emergence of tropical peatlands as a novel development frontier for plantation expansion, as well as the consequential ecological degradation leading to fir

The book includes an epilogue authored by Loukas Tsoukalis, who serves as the President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP). This study presents a comprehensive analysis of crisis management in the European Union (EU) and Latin America, focusing on both the bi-regional and comparative aspects. This text explores highly relevant topics, including the crisis of democracy, systemic crisis, political polarization, and the emergence of populism. This study examines the effects of inadequate management of the global and euro financial crises on regionalism in Europe and Latin America. This paper suggests potential modifications to the global financial system and advocates for enhanced collaboration among different regions. Financial Crisis Management and Democracy Editors: Bettina De Souza Guilherme, Christian Ghymers, Stephany Griffith-Jones, Andrea Ribeiro Hoffmann Publisher: Springer Download Financial Crisis Management and Democracy (click here) The publi

You have unrestricted access to this book since it is open access. places China's 70-year modern history in context against a single, unified background Written by one of the top researchers on Chinese agrarian issues stresses the importance of the rural sector. Authors: Wen Tiejun Publisher: Springer Ten Crises Download Ten Crises It introduces the theoretical framework which is based on Immanuel Wallerstein’s world system theory and Samir Amin’s dependence theory, as well as the theory of cost transfer. It argues that throughout China’s history of industrialization and financialization that as a rule whenever the cost of crisis could be transferred to the rural sector, the capital-intensive urban industry sector could achieve a “soft-landing” and the existing institution could be maintained. When the cost of the crisis was not transferable to the rural sector, it manifested as a “hard-landing” in the urban sector, giving rise to major reforms in the economic system. China’s exper

In a cyclical manner, the global community alternates between approaching and distancing itself from the intricate matter of development. The concept of development is an ever-present phenomenon in our lives. However, the discourse around development, particularly in terms of its magnitude and caliber, varies in its level of articulation. To what extent did these ideas and models provide guidance in the process of development? Examining this subject matter three decades subsequent to the conclusion of the Cold War enables us to discern three discrete epochs. The initial period spans from the conclusion of the Cold War to the verge of the economic crisis of 2008-2009. The subsequent phase encompasses the subsequent decade characterized by a gradual recuperation. In contrast, the ongoing third phase remains the least explored and comprehended among the three. Prior to delving into these temporal intervals, it is imperative to emphasize a crucial reality: throughout the entire duration of

Gives decision-makers information about how to develop the environment sustainably displays China's accomplishments and ideas for green development. provides a plethora of graphs, images, and forms that highlight China's efforts in the area of green development. is an open access book, meaning that access is unrestricted and free. Building an Inclusive, Green and Low-Carbon Economy Authors:   China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) Secretariat Publisher : Springer The significance of global climate change within the international agenda is steadily growing. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic and the need for short-term recovery, there exists a general agreement among nations to actively engage in the implementation of international conventions, enhance climate targets, and undertake tangible measures. Against this backdrop, the 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP26

The globe has entered a period of flux and transformation as a result of the combined forces of changes and a pandemic, both of which had not been seen in a century. 2021 will be a genuinely historic year for China. We have accomplished the historically significant task of eradicating extreme poverty, as well as the First Centenary Goal of fully constructing a modern socialist nation. We also set out on a new path in pursuit of the Second Centenary Goal of doing so. The China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) sought to transform into a cutting-edge platform for global inclusion, open cooperation, and mutual growth and benefit in 2021. Under the annual theme of "Green Recovery and High Quality Development," CCICED has carried out the plan as endorsed by Executive Members. The purpose of this time is to offer recommendations for advancing China's environmental and development initiatives and to offer insight and strength in the ef

Offers a multireligious analysis of issues related to faith, money, and the economy. contains chapters written by authors from a variety of disciplines, including history, theology, philosophy, and economics. answers challenging problems in a way that is understandable to the average reader. Using research from the fields of economics, finance, history, philosophy, ethics, theology, public policy, and other disciplines, the major goal is to promote a multidisciplinary and multireligious understanding of the connections between faith, financial intermediation, and economic advancement. The goal of this anthology of essays is to demonstrate to the general public the significance of Christian involvement in finance. Instead than focusing on one particular issue, the collection of articles offers numerous examples of this link. A symposium on the subject of faith and money was arranged by Thrivent in July 2018 and held at the University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The only par

This open access book takes an interdisciplinary approach to examine the life science business sector. The book describes value creation, value maintenance, and value realization in the life sciences as a sequence of processes using the quantitative language of applied mathematics. These tools are applied to pharmaceutical and biotechnology business endeavors. The articles, which were written by professionals from a range of disciplines, give a fresh look at life sciences economics by illuminating the change from a deterministic to a stochastic view of the processes involved.  The book discusses issues including licensing in the pharmaceutical industry, outsourcing pharmaceutical R&D, and stochastic modeling of a pharmaceutical supply chain. Other subjects covered in the book include valuing and maintaining intellectual property in the life sciences. The book will interest economics academics. Download Quantitative Models in Life Science Business (Free) Please check our service , i

In digitalization era, banks and financial organizations are rushing their digital transformation. As part of this revolution, financial organizations produce extraordinary quantities of data about their financial and insurance procedures while using unconventional digital technologies (e.g., big data, AI, Internet of Things (IoT)) to gather, study, and fully leverage the generated data assets [1]. Furthermore, recent regulatory developments (e.g., the 2nd Payment Services Directive (PSD2) in Europe) [2] facilitate the sharing of data across financial organizations to enable the development of innovative digital finance services based on novel business models. The latter aim at lowering the barriers for new market players (e.g., payment service providers (PSPs) in the PSD2 context) to develop and roll out new services in ways that increase clients’ fulfilment and generate new income streams. Overall, financial and insurance groups take benefit of big data and IoT technologies with th

Today, ELC would love to share an eBook entitled Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Real and Complex Domains written by Arak M. Mathai, Serge B. Provost, & Hans J. Haubold and published by Springer. Multivariate statistical analysis occasionally proves to be a difficult subject for students. The problem arises in part from the reliance on several types of symbols namely subscripts, superscripts, bars, tildes, bold-face characters, lower- and uppercase Roman and Greek letters, etc. However, resorting to such notations is necessary in order to refer to the various quantities involved such as scalars and matrices either in the real or complex domain. The first author was seeking means of making the study of multivariate analysis more accessible and enjoyable. There are several Special Features that I’d like to point out from the book: 1. Its most distinctive feature is its development of a parallel theory of multivariate analysis in the complex domain side by side with the

On this occasion, I'd like to share an ebook with Open Access content published by Springer. It's entitled Database Principles And Technologies – Based on Huawei GAUSSDB. It's also an Official Textbooks for Huawei ICT Academy. Based on Huawei's GaussDB (for MySQL) cloud computing-based database, this book focuses on various cloud computing-based features and application scenarios of cloud computing-based databases. The division of the book ’ s eight chapters is as follows: Chapter 1 mainly introduces databases, including database technology overview, database technology history, relational database architecture, and mainstream application scenarios of relational databases. Chapter 2 mainly teaches database basics, including the main responsibilities and contents of database management, and introduces some common and important basic concepts of databases. Chapter 3 introduces SQL syntax, including GaussDB (for MySQL) data types, system functions and operators, which aims