This open access book is the second version, which includes updates to Grey Systems' data, methodology, and models. It covers recent theoretical and applied achievements in grey systems from around the world, providing the reader with a clear picture of this emerging subject and its frontier research. Many of the concepts, models, and methods in the book are original by the author, including kernel, degree of greyness of grey number, simplified form of grey number, general grey number, and the operation system; the axiomatic system of buffer operators and a series of weakening and strengthening buffer operators; and a series of grey relational analysis models, including grey absolute, relative, synthetic, similarity, closeness, negative, three dimension, and grey relational. The revision includes: (1) Added new achievements made in recent years, such as the moving average operator, a series of negative grey relational models, a grey relational model for cross-sequences, standard...
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