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Analisis Regresi Logistik: Pendekatan 5W1H

Analisis regresi logistik adalah metode statistik yang digunakan untuk memodelkan hubungan antara satu atau lebih variabel independen dengan variabel dependen kategorikal, terutama biner (misalnya: 0 dan 1). Teknik ini berbeda dari regresi linear karena hasil prediksi bukan berupa nilai kontinu, melainkan probabilitas suatu peristiwa terjadi. Probabilitas ini diperoleh melalui fungsi logit yang menghubungkan kombinasi linear prediktor dengan log-odds.

Mengapa Analisis Regresi Logistik Digunakan? (Why)

Regresi logistik dipakai karena mampu menangani variabel dependen yang kategorikal, di mana regresi linear tidak sesuai. Metode ini memberikan estimasi probabilitas, bukan hanya klasifikasi, sehingga berguna untuk interpretasi yang lebih dalam. Koefisien regresi logistik juga mudah dipahami melalui odds ratio, sehingga sangat membantu dalam penelitian medis, sosial, maupun ekonomi.

Siapa yang Menggunakan Analisis Regresi Logistik? (Who)

Metode ini digunakan oleh berbagai kalangan:

Peneliti medis untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko suatu penyakit.

Data scientist dalam machine learning, misalnya untuk deteksi penipuan, churn prediction, atau klasifikasi spam.

Ilmuwan sosial untuk mempelajari perilaku masyarakat, seperti penggunaan internet oleh lansia.

Manajer proyek dan insinyur untuk menilai kompleksitas proyek.

Di Mana Analisis Regresi Logistik Diterapkan? (Where)

Aplikasi analisis regresi logistik dapat ditemukan di berbagai bidang:

Kesehatan: memprediksi kemungkinan penyakit atau hasil terapi.

Keuangan: menilai risiko kredit atau mendeteksi transaksi mencurigakan.

Sosial dan digital: menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi adopsi teknologi.

Manajemen proyek: menentukan tingkat kompleksitas proyek berdasarkan variabel tertentu.

Kapan Analisis Regresi Logistik Digunakan? (When)

Analisis ini digunakan ketika variabel dependen bersifat kategorikal, baik biner maupun lebih dari dua kategori. Regresi logistik relevan saat peneliti membutuhkan prediksi probabilistik dan interpretasi melalui odds ratio. Misalnya, digunakan ketika ingin mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh jam belajar terhadap kemungkinan kelulusan mahasiswa.

Bagaimana Cara Kerja Analisis Regresi Logistik? (How)

Regresi logistik bekerja dengan mengestimasi fungsi logit yang menghubungkan prediktor dengan probabilitas suatu kejadian. Berdasarkan jenis variabel dependen, regresi logistik terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis:

1. Binary Logistic Regression – variabel dependen memiliki dua kategori (misalnya: lulus/gagal, sakit/sehat).

2. Multinomial Logistic Regression – digunakan ketika variabel dependen memiliki lebih dari dua kategori tanpa urutan (misalnya: memilih genre film).

3. Ordinal Logistic Regression – dipakai ketika kategori dependen memiliki urutan (misalnya: tingkat kepuasan 1–5).

4. Conditional Logistic Regression – digunakan dalam studi kasus-kontrol dengan data berpasangan.

Contoh Aplikasi

Misalkan peneliti ingin mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah jam belajar dengan kemungkinan mahasiswa lulus ujian. Data dikumpulkan dari sejumlah mahasiswa dengan kategori “lulus” (1) dan “tidak lulus” (0). Dengan analisis regresi logistik, peneliti dapat menghitung seberapa besar peningkatan peluang kelulusan setiap tambahan jam belajar.


Referensi

Berikut adalah daftar referensi terbaru (periode 2020–2025) yang telah diperbarui dan valid, mendukung artikel Anda seputar Analisis Regresi Logistik. Semua referensi bersumber dari studi di jurnal bereputasi dan dikonfirmasi melalui Scopus atau basis data akademis terkini.


Daftar Referensi 


1 Dey, D., Haque, S. H., Islam, M. M., Shammy, S. S., Noor, S. T. A., & Uddin, M. J. (2025). The proper application of logistic regression model in complex survey data: a systematic review. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 25, Article 15.

2 He, Y., Liu, N., et al. (2024). Comparison of artificial intelligence and logistic regression models for mortality prediction in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed Central).

3 Dao, B., Kermanshachi, S., Shane, J., Anderson, S., & Damnjanovic, I. (2022). Developing a logistic regression model to measure project complexity. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 18(3), 226–240.

4 Leukel, J., Özbek, G., & Sugumaran, V. (2024). Application of logistic regression to explain internet use among older adults: a review of the empirical literature. Universal Access in the Information Society, 23, 621–635.

5 Panda, N. R. (2022). A Review on Logistic Regression in Medical Research. New Journal of Clinical Medicine. https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.134202222


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