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Apa Itu Kajian Teori?

 1. What (Apa itu Kajian Teori?)


Kajian teori adalah bagian penting dalam karya ilmiah yang memuat ringkasan, penjelasan, dan analisis teori-teori yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangun landasan teoritis yang kuat sebagai kerangka berpikir dalam menjawab rumusan masalah.


Menurut Creswell & Creswell (2018), kajian teori merupakan alat untuk memosisikan penelitian baru dalam lanskap pengetahuan yang sudah ada dan mengidentifikasi gap atau celah yang ingin diisi oleh penelitian tersebut.

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2. Why (Mengapa Kajian Teori Penting?)

Kajian teori penting karena:

Menyediakan kerangka konseptual untuk penelitian.

Membantu memvalidasi pentingnya masalah penelitian.

Memungkinkan peneliti untuk menghindari duplikasi studi sebelumnya.

Menjadi dasar dalam merumuskan hipotesis atau pertanyaan penelitian.

Seperti diungkapkan oleh Snyder (2019), kajian teori tidak hanya menunjukkan pemahaman literatur tetapi juga kemampuan kritis peneliti dalam mengevaluasi dan menyintesis pengetahuan sebelumnya.

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3. When (Kapan Kajian Teori Digunakan?)

Kajian teori digunakan pada tahap awal penyusunan proposal dan penulisan laporan penelitian. Khususnya dalam bab II (kajian pustaka), peneliti wajib menyusunnya sebelum melakukan pengumpulan data agar penelitian memiliki dasar konseptual yang kuat.

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4. Where (Di Mana Kajian Teori Ditemukan?)

Kajian teori disusun berdasarkan sumber-sumber ilmiah terpercaya seperti:

Artikel jurnal ilmiah

Buku teks akademik

Laporan penelitian

Disertasi atau tesis

Publikasi resmi lembaga penelitian

Sumber-sumber tersebut harus relevan, mutakhir (idealnya 5–10 tahun terakhir), dan bersifat ilmiah.

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5. How (Bagaimana Menyusun Kajian Teori?)

Langkah-langkah menyusun kajian teori:

1. Identifikasi konsep utama dari variabel/topik penelitian.

2. Telusuri literatur ilmiah yang relevan melalui database seperti Google Scholar, Scopus, atau ScienceDirect.

3. Buat sintesis dari berbagai teori dan hasil penelitian.

4. Kritisi kekuatan dan kelemahan teori yang dikaji.

5. Hubungkan teori-teori tersebut dengan fokus dan tujuan penelitian.

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Contoh Kajian Teori (Singkat)

Topik: Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Kesehatan Mental Remaja

> Teori Uses and Gratifications menjelaskan bahwa pengguna aktif memilih media untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1973). Dalam konteks remaja, media sosial digunakan untuk mendapatkan pengakuan sosial dan hiburan (Kircaburun et al., 2020). Namun, penggunaan yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan gejala kecemasan dan depresi (Marino et al., 2018).

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Referensi (APA Style, 5 Tahun Terakhir)


Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Uses and Gratifications of Problematic Social Media Use among University Students: A Simultaneous Examination of the Big Five of Personality Traits, Social Media Platforms, and Social Media Use Motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 525–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6

Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2018). The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 226, 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.007



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