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RUMUSAN MASALAH PENELITIAN DALAM FORMAT

 


1. What – Apa itu Rumusan Masalah Penelitian?


Rumusan masalah adalah pernyataan atau pertanyaan yang menggambarkan inti masalah yang akan diteliti, serta menjadi dasar dalam penentuan tujuan dan arah penelitian. Rumusan masalah disusun berdasarkan latar belakang yang sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya.


Menurut Creswell & Creswell (2018), rumusan masalah membantu memperjelas fokus penelitian dan memastikan bahwa penelitian tidak meluas ke luar konteks yang telah ditentukan.


> 📌 Contoh What: “Bagaimana pengaruh media sosial terhadap perilaku konsumtif generasi Z?” merupakan salah satu contoh rumusan masalah penelitian kuantitatif yang fokus.



2. Why – Mengapa Rumusan Masalah Itu Penting?


Rumusan masalah sangat penting karena:


Menjadi panduan utama untuk penyusunan tujuan, hipotesis, dan metodologi.


Membantu peneliti untuk tetap fokus dan konsisten terhadap topik.


Menjadi landasan ilmiah untuk menjawab kesenjangan atau fenomena yang ditemukan dalam latar belakang.



Menurut Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill (2019), penelitian yang tidak didasarkan pada rumusan masalah yang jelas berisiko tidak relevan atau tidak sistematis.


> 📌 Contoh Why: Tanpa rumusan masalah yang tajam, peneliti akan sulit menentukan variabel penelitian dan desain analisis yang tepat.


3. When – Kapan Rumusan Masalah Disusun?


Rumusan masalah disusun setelah peneliti memahami fenomena, fakta empiris, dan hasil kajian literatur. Idealnya, rumusan masalah muncul setelah latar belakang ditulis dan sebelum tujuan penelitian disusun.


> 📌 Contoh When: Seorang peneliti menyusun rumusan masalah setelah menemukan bahwa banyak mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan manajemen waktu saat kuliah daring, tetapi belum ada penelitian yang meneliti hubungan antara kebiasaan multitasking digital dan performa akademik.


4. Where – Di Mana Letak Rumusan Masalah dalam Struktur Penelitian?


Secara umum, rumusan masalah ditempatkan pada:


Bab 1 skripsi/tesis: biasanya setelah latar belakang masalah.


Bagian awal artikel ilmiah: biasanya dirangkai dalam bagian pendahuluan (Introduction).


Proposal penelitian: bagian setelah kajian latar belakang.



> 📌 Contoh Where: Dalam skripsi, rumusan masalah ditulis dalam subbab “Rumusan Masalah” setelah latar belakang dan sebelum tujuan penelitian.



5. How – Bagaimana Cara Merumuskan Masalah Penelitian yang Baik?


Langkah menyusun rumusan masalah yang baik:


1. Identifikasi isu atau fenomena utama dari latar belakang.



2. Spesifikasikan fokus masalah yang ingin dikaji.



3. Buat dalam bentuk pertanyaan penelitian (research questions).



4. Pastikan terukur, terarah, dan dapat diteliti.



5. Sesuaikan dengan pendekatan penelitian (kuantitatif/kualitatif/mixed).




🔍 Contoh Rumusan Masalah (Kuantitatif):


> Apakah terdapat pengaruh penggunaan e-wallet terhadap perilaku konsumtif mahasiswa?





🔍 Contoh Rumusan Masalah (Kualitatif):


> Bagaimana persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan e-wallet dalam kehidupan sehari-hari?





Menurut Punch (2020), rumusan masalah sebaiknya tidak terlalu umum, harus menunjukkan arah eksplorasi yang logis, serta memungkinkan pengumpulan dan analisis data secara sistematis.



📖 Referensi (APA Style, 5 Tahun Terakhir)


Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.


Punch, K. F. (2020). Developing effective research questions. In Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches (4th ed., pp. 37–54). SAGE Publications.


Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.


Silverman, D. (2021). Interpreting qualitative data (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.


Ridley, D. (2020). The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.



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