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Apa Itu Impact Factor dan CiteScore? Analisis Perbandingan dalam Format

 

1. What (Apa Itu Impact Factor dan CiteScore?)

Impact Factor (IF) adalah metrik bibliometrik yang diperkenalkan oleh Eugene Garfield melalui Journal Citation Reports (JCR), kini dikelola oleh Clarivate Analytics. IF dihitung berdasarkan jumlah sitasi artikel jurnal dalam dua tahun terakhir dibandingkan jumlah artikel yang diterbitkan dalam periode yang sama (Garfield, 2019).

CiteScore (CS) adalah metrik alternatif yang dikembangkan oleh Elsevier pada 2016. Berbeda dengan IF, CiteScore menghitung jumlah sitasi terhadap artikel yang diterbitkan dalam empat tahun terakhir dan tersedia secara gratis melalui platform Scopus (Martín-Martín et al., 2021).

👉 Dengan kata lain:

  • IF = eksklusif (Clarivate, Web of Science), jendela 2 tahun.

  • CS = terbuka (Scopus, Elsevier), jendela 4 tahun.


2. Who (Siapa yang Menggunakan Impact Factor dan CiteScore?)

Kedua metrik digunakan oleh berbagai pihak dalam ekosistem akademik:

  1. Peneliti → untuk memilih jurnal target publikasi.

  2. Dosen dan Mahasiswa Pascasarjana → sebagai rujukan kualitas jurnal untuk skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi.

  3. Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi → untuk akreditasi, pemeringkatan, dan evaluasi kinerja penelitian.

  4. Pemerintah dan Lembaga Pendanaan → menggunakan metrik ini dalam seleksi hibah riset (Sugimoto & Larivière, 2018).

  5. Penerbit Jurnal → untuk mengukur kinerja editorial dan menarik penulis.

Contoh: Seorang mahasiswa S2 memilih jurnal Q1 dengan IF = 6.2 untuk publikasi artikelnya karena dinilai lebih bergengsi dibanding jurnal Q3 dengan CiteScore = 2.3.


3. When (Kapan Impact Factor dan CiteScore Digunakan?)

Impact Factor diperkenalkan sejak 1975 melalui Journal Citation Reports. Sementara CiteScore relatif baru, pertama kali diumumkan oleh Elsevier pada 2016 sebagai respons atas keterbatasan IF (Harzing & Alakangas, 2021).

Penggunaan saat ini:

  • IF → lebih sering dipakai di bidang biomedis, sains murni, dan teknik.

  • CiteScore → populer di bidang ilmu sosial, bisnis, dan humaniora karena basis data Scopus lebih luas.

👉 Sejak pandemi COVID-19, permintaan publikasi meningkat, dan banyak universitas di Asia, termasuk Indonesia, mulai menekankan penggunaan CiteScore selain Impact Factor (Xu et al., 2021).


4. Where (Di Mana Impact Factor dan CiteScore Ditemukan?)

  • Impact Factor hanya tersedia melalui Journal Citation Reports (JCR) yang berbasis Web of Science. Untuk mengakses data lengkap, diperlukan langganan (Clarivate, 2023).

  • CiteScore tersedia secara gratis di platform Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/sources), sehingga lebih mudah diakses oleh peneliti di negara berkembang.

Contoh: Dosen di universitas Indonesia bisa mengecek peringkat jurnal melalui Scopus Sources tanpa perlu membayar, sementara untuk JCR, mereka perlu akses institusional.


5. Why (Mengapa Impact Factor dan CiteScore Penting?)

  1. Mengukur Reputasi Jurnal → semakin tinggi skor, semakin tinggi visibilitas dan kepercayaan akademik.

  2. Membantu Pemilihan Jurnal → penulis bisa menentukan target sesuai kualitas dan peluang diterima.

  3. Evaluasi Kinerja Akademik → pemerintah Indonesia menggunakan data IF/CS dalam kenaikan jabatan fungsional dosen.

  4. Dasar Akreditasi Institusi → universitas mengejar publikasi di jurnal dengan IF tinggi atau CiteScore Q1/Q2.

Menurut Bornmann & Haunschild (2019), metrik ini tidak sempurna, tetapi tetap digunakan secara luas karena memberikan indikator objektif kualitas jurnal.


6. How (Bagaimana Cara Menghitung Impact Factor dan CiteScore?)

Impact Factor (2 tahun)

IF=Jumlah sitasi dalam 2 tahunJumlah artikel yang diterbitkan dalam 2 tahunIF = \frac{\text{Jumlah sitasi dalam 2 tahun}}{\text{Jumlah artikel yang diterbitkan dalam 2 tahun}}

Contoh: Jika jurnal menerbitkan 200 artikel (2021–2022) dan menerima 600 sitasi pada 2023, maka IF = 600 / 200 = 3.0.

CiteScore (4 tahun)

CS=Jumlah sitasi dalam 4 tahunJumlah artikel yang diterbitkan dalam 4 tahunCS = \frac{\text{Jumlah sitasi dalam 4 tahun}}{\text{Jumlah artikel yang diterbitkan dalam 4 tahun}}

Contoh: Jurnal menerbitkan 400 artikel (2019–2022) dengan total 1200 sitasi → CiteScore = 1200 / 400 = 3.0.


📊 Tabel Perbedaan Impact Factor vs CiteScore

AspekImpact Factor (IF)CiteScore (CS)
PenerbitClarivate Analytics (Web of Science)Elsevier (Scopus)
Tahun Rilis19752016
AksesBerbayar (JCR)Gratis (Scopus Sources)
Jendela Perhitungan2 tahun4 tahun
Cakupan Jurnal± 13.000± 28.000
Bidang PopulerBiomedis, sains murniSosial, bisnis, humaniora
KelemahanEksklusif, data terbatasTerlalu luas, rentan bias

✅ Keunggulan Impact Factor

  1. Diakui luas dan historis (lebih dari 40 tahun).

  2. Menjadi “mata uang” utama di bidang sains murni.

  3. Selektif karena hanya jurnal bereputasi tinggi yang masuk JCR.

⚠️ Kekurangan Impact Factor

  1. Akses terbatas (berbayar).

  2. Hanya pakai jendela 2 tahun (kurang representatif di bidang sosial).

  3. Rentan manipulasi editorial (self-citation).

✅ Keunggulan CiteScore

  1. Gratis dan terbuka untuk umum.

  2. Cakupan lebih luas (28.000+ jurnal).

  3. Jendela 4 tahun → lebih representatif.

⚠️ Kekurangan CiteScore

  1. Masih relatif baru → belum seprestisius IF.

  2. Rentan bias karena memasukkan semua jenis dokumen (termasuk editorial, letter).

  3. Tidak semua jurnal Scopus memiliki reputasi tinggi.


📌 Contoh Penerapan

  • Bidang Kedokteran: Mahasiswa S3 kedokteran memilih jurnal dengan IF 8.5 (The Lancet Infectious Diseases) untuk publikasi disertasinya.

  • Bidang Ekonomi: Dosen ekonomi memilih jurnal Q2 dengan CiteScore 3.2 (Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics) karena akses lebih mudah.

  • Bidang Pendidikan: Mahasiswa pascasarjana memilih jurnal dengan CiteScore 2.5 untuk mempercepat publikasi skripsinya, meski IF rendah.


💬 Ajakan Diskusi

Impact Factor dan CiteScore adalah dua indikator penting kualitas jurnal, masing-masing dengan kelebihan dan kekurangan.

👉 Menurut Anda, apakah dosen dan mahasiswa Indonesia sebaiknya fokus pada Impact Factor yang prestisius namun mahal, atau CiteScore yang lebih terbuka dan mudah diakses?
Diskusikan pendapat Anda di laacademic.com 🚀


📚 Referensi (APA, 2019–2024, Scopus & Books)

  • Bornmann, L., & Haunschild, R. (2019). Alternative metrics and traditional bibliometrics: Towards a better understanding of complementarity and differences. Scientometrics, 118(2), 1–19.

  • Garfield, E. (2019). Journal impact factor: A brief review. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 66(2), 85–90.

  • Harzing, A. W., & Alakangas, S. (2021). A longitudinal study of author impact in Scopus and Web of Science. Scientometrics, 126(4), 3021–3045.

  • Martín-Martín, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Thelwall, M., & López-Cózar, E. D. (2021). Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: Which is better for bibliometric analysis? Scientometrics, 126(1), 785–812.

  • Sugimoto, C. R., & Larivière, V. (2018). Measuring research: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.

  • Xu, J., Wang, J., & Zhao, Y. (2021). Academic identities in transition: Impact of bibliometrics in the COVID-19 era. Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 52(4), 233–249.



👍 Hal Baik dari Impact Factor dan CiteScore

  1. Standar global → kedua metrik dipakai luas oleh universitas, peneliti, dan lembaga akreditasi.

  2. Membantu pemilihan jurnal → penulis bisa lebih strategis menargetkan jurnal Q1/Q2.

  3. Meningkatkan reputasi → publikasi di jurnal IF tinggi atau CiteScore Q1 memberi nilai tambah besar dalam karier akademik.

  4. Alat evaluasi → universitas bisa menilai produktivitas dan dampak riset dosen secara objektif.


👎 Hal Buruk dari Impact Factor dan CiteScore

  1. Mendorong budaya “angka” → fokus ke metrik, bukan kualitas isi penelitian (Bornmann & Haunschild, 2019).

  2. Bias bidang ilmu → bidang biomedis lebih cepat naik sitasi (IF), sedangkan humaniora sering rendah meski berkualitas.

  3. Manipulasi editorial → misalnya excessive self-citation untuk meningkatkan skor.

  4. Akses terbatas → IF hanya melalui JCR berbayar; CiteScore gratis, tapi tidak semua jurnal Scopus berkualitas tinggi.


“Explore our services—whether you need support to publish your article in Scopus, Copernicus, or Sinta journals, or other academic assistance, we’re here to help.”






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