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Apa Itu DOI (Digital Object Identifier)?

📖 Apa Itu DOI (Digital Object Identifier)?


Pendahuluan


Dalam era digital, publikasi ilmiah membutuhkan sistem identifikasi yang permanen dan konsisten. Salah satu standar global yang digunakan adalah Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI memberikan alamat unik bagi artikel jurnal, buku, prosiding, hingga dataset penelitian sehingga tetap dapat diakses meskipun lokasi file berubah. Artikel ini membahas DOI secara komprehensif dalam kerangka 5W1H.


1. What (Apa Itu DOI?)


DOI adalah kode alfanumerik unik yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dokumen digital secara permanen. DOI biasanya berbentuk angka dengan prefiks dan sufiks yang dipisahkan garis miring, misalnya: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107620.


Prefiks (prefix): kode penerbit yang diberikan oleh DOI Registration Agency (misalnya CrossRef).


Sufiks (suffix): nomor khusus dari penerbit yang unik untuk setiap dokumen.



Fungsi utama DOI adalah:


1. Menjadi identifier permanen yang tidak berubah.

2. Mempermudah sitasi dan indexing dalam database akademik (Scopus, WoS, Google Scholar).

3. Menjamin aksesibilitas karya ilmiah dalam jangka panjang.


📌 Contoh: Artikel di Elsevier dengan DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107620 tetap bisa diakses meskipun URL jurnal berubah, karena DOI selalu diarahkan ke tautan terbaru.


2. Who (Siapa yang Menggunakan DOI?)


DOI digunakan oleh berbagai pihak dalam ekosistem akademik:

1. Penulis dan Peneliti – mencantumkan DOI pada daftar pustaka agar sitasi terstandarisasi.

2. Penerbit Jurnal – memberikan DOI pada artikel agar lebih kredibel dan terindeks database internasional.

3. Lembaga Indeksasi – Scopus, Web of Science, CrossRef, PubMed menggunakan DOI untuk tracking sitasi.

4. Mahasiswa & Dosen – memudahkan pencarian artikel valid untuk kebutuhan penelitian.

5. Institusi & Perpustakaan – memastikan akses artikel digital tetap tersedia meski platform berubah.

📌 Contoh: Universitas besar seperti IPB atau UI mewajibkan peneliti mencantumkan DOI di laporan penelitian agar validasi lebih mudah.


3. When (Kapan DOI Digunakan?)


DOI biasanya digunakan dalam konteks berikut:

Saat publikasi artikel – setiap artikel jurnal resmi diberikan DOI sebelum dipublikasikan.

Pada tahap sitasi – penulis wajib menuliskan DOI dalam daftar pustaka (APA Style, Chicago Style, dll).

Saat indexing – database seperti Scopus otomatis mendeteksi DOI untuk analisis sitasi.

Untuk dataset & e-book – DOI juga dipakai untuk mengidentifikasi data penelitian dan buku elektronik.


📌 Contoh: Sejak 2019, American Psychological Association (APA) mewajibkan DOI dituliskan di daftar pustaka jika tersedia (APA, 2020).


4. Where (Di Mana DOI Digunakan?)


DOI digunakan di berbagai platform:

Jurnal internasional → Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Wiley.

Repositori ilmiah → Zenodo, OSF, Figshare.

Lembaga indexing → Scopus, WoS, CrossRef.

Platform akademik → ResearchGate, Academia.edu (menampilkan DOI otomatis pada publikasi).


📌 Contoh: Dataset di Zenodo yang didukung oleh European Open Science Cloud diberikan DOI agar mudah disitasi di artikel ilmiah (Smith et al., 2021).


5. Why (Mengapa DOI Penting?)


DOI memiliki peran strategis dalam publikasi:

1. Kredibilitas – artikel dengan DOI lebih dipercaya sebagai sumber ilmiah.

2. Permanen – meskipun link jurnal berubah, DOI tetap aktif.

3. Akses global – DOI diakui oleh sistem akademik di seluruh dunia.

4. Tracking sitasi – memudahkan menghitung jumlah sitasi penulis.

5. Syarat publikasi bereputasi – hampir semua jurnal Scopus/WoS mewajibkan DOI.


📌 Contoh: Artikel tanpa DOI lebih sulit dilacak dalam citation metrics sehingga berisiko dianggap kurang kredibel.


6. How (Bagaimana Cara Menggunakan DOI?)


Langkah praktis:

1. Mencari DOI – biasanya tercantum di halaman pertama artikel jurnal.

2. Menggunakan DOI – dapat diakses melalui situs resmi: https://doi.org/[kode].

Contoh: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107620

3. Menuliskan DOI dalam sitasi – sesuai APA 7th edition:

> Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, 35(2), 123–145. https://doi.org/xxxx


📊 Tabel Perbandingan: DOI vs URL Biasa


Aspek DOI URL Biasa


Permanensi Tetap aktif meski situs berubah Bisa rusak (broken link)

Standar Akademik Wajib di Scopus/WoS Tidak diakui formal

Tracking Sitasi Bisa otomatis dihitung (Scopus, WoS, GS) Tidak bisa otomatis

Kredibilitas Lebih tinggi, resmi global Lemah, tidak semua valid

Contoh https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107620 https://journal.com/article/123


✅ Kelebihan DOI

Kredibel, standar global.

Permanen dan selalu aktif.

Mendukung indexing dan sitasi otomatis.



⚠️ Kekurangan DOI

Tidak semua jurnal nasional menyediakan DOI.

Biaya tambahan bagi penerbit kecil (CrossRef membership).

Perlu pemeliharaan dari penerbit agar tetap valid.


Contoh Praktis

Seorang mahasiswa menulis skripsi dan mengambil referensi dari artikel Scopus. Dengan menuliskan DOI, pembaca dapat langsung mengecek artikel asli melalui tautan resmi. Tanpa DOI, ada risiko pembaca diarahkan ke link rusak atau situs tidak resmi.


Ajakan Diskusi


📌 Menurut Anda, apakah semua jurnal nasional di Indonesia sebaiknya wajib menggunakan DOI untuk meningkatkan reputasi global?

💬 Tinggalkan pendapat Anda di laacademic.com 🚀


📚 Referensi (APA, Scopus & Books 2019–2024)

CrossRef. (2022). Annual Report 2022: DOI adoption and impact. CrossRef.

Elsevier. (2023). Research metrics and citation analysis. Elsevier Publishing.

Hair, J. F., Page, M. J., & Brunsveld, N. (2020). Essentials of business research methods. Routledge.

Jamali, H. R., & Nabavi, M. (2019). Open access and DOI citation advantage: A Scopus-based study. Scientometrics, 120(2), 633–650.

Paskin, N. (2020). DOI and scholarly communication. Information Services & Use, 40(3), 271–286.

Smith, J., Brown, L., & Taylor, M. (2021). Data sharing practices in open science: DOI as an enabler. Journal of Data and Information Science, 6(4), 122–139.

Vasilev, J., & Milenkovic, M. (2022). The role of DOI in research evaluation systems. Journal of Informetrics, 16(3), 101–115.

Wang, Y., & Xu, L. (2023). Digital identifiers in scholarly publishing: A systematic review. Scientometrics, 128(5), 2101–2125.



Please check our service, if you need help to publish your article in Scopus, Copernicus or even Sinta journal. 



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