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Apa itu Fenomena?

Pengertian Fenomena

Dalam konteks ilmiah, fenomena adalah kejadian, peristiwa, atau gejala yang dapat diamati dan menjadi objek kajian dalam penelitian. Fenomena bisa bersifat alamiah, sosial, psikologis, maupun budaya, tergantung dari bidang ilmu yang mengkaji. Peneliti mengamati fenomena untuk memahami pola, hubungan antarvariabel, atau perubahan yang terjadi dalam suatu konteks tertentu.

Penjabaran

Fenomena menjadi titik awal penelitian karena memberikan dasar empiris untuk menyusun pertanyaan penelitian, tujuan, dan hipotesis. Dalam pendekatan kualitatif, fenomena sering dikaji untuk memahami makna dan pengalaman subjektif, sementara dalam pendekatan kuantitatif, fenomena dipelajari untuk diuji secara terukur.

Menurut Creswell (2014), fenomena merupakan fokus sentral dalam penelitian fenomenologis, yaitu studi yang mendalami makna pengalaman manusia terhadap suatu kejadian atau peristiwa tertentu.


Contoh Fenomena

Fenomena: Lonjakan penggunaan media sosial di kalangan mahasiswa selama pandemi COVID-19.

  • Bidang: Komunikasi dan Psikologi Sosial
  • Permasalahan Penelitian: Apakah lonjakan ini berdampak pada produktivitas akademik dan kesehatan mental mahasiswa?
  • Tujuan: Mengkaji hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dengan tingkat stres dan performa akademik.
  • Metodologi: Survei kuantitatif dan wawancara mendalam (mixed methods).

Referensi (APA Style)

  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
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