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Apa Itu Grand Theory?

 Apa Itu Landasan Teori?

Landasan teori merupakan bagian fundamental dalam suatu karya ilmiah yang berfungsi sebagai pijakan konseptual dan kerangka berpikir untuk menjelaskan, menganalisis, serta memecahkan masalah penelitian. Landasan teori tidak hanya menjelaskan konsep-konsep penting, tetapi juga menyatukan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan guna membentuk pemahaman teoritis yang utuh.

Menurut Creswell (2014), landasan teori memberikan struktur bagi penelitian dengan menyajikan perspektif teoretis yang relevan terhadap variabel yang dikaji dan hubungan antarvariabel tersebut.

Fungsi Landasan Teori dalam Penelitian

  1. Memberikan arah dan fokus penelitian
  2. Menjelaskan konsep atau fenomena yang diteliti
  3. Menunjukkan celah penelitian (research gap)
  4. Menjadi dasar dalam merumuskan hipotesis (dalam penelitian kuantitatif)
  5. Membantu analisis dan interpretasi data

Contoh Landasan Teori

Judul Penelitian: Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Self-Esteem Remaja
Landasan Teori yang Digunakan:

  1. Teori Interaksi Simbolik oleh George Herbert Mead dan Herbert Blumer
    Digunakan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana remaja menafsirkan interaksi mereka di media sosial sebagai bentuk pencarian identitas diri.

  2. Teori Perbandingan Sosial (Social Comparison Theory) oleh Leon Festinger
    Digunakan untuk menganalisis bagaimana individu menilai diri mereka melalui perbandingan dengan orang lain di media sosial.

Pentingnya Grand Theory

Grand theory adalah teori besar atau kerangka teoritis luas yang menjelaskan fenomena sosial, psikologis, atau ilmiah secara menyeluruh dan mendalam. Grand theory memberikan konteks makro bagi penelitian dan dapat digunakan untuk:

  • Memahami akar penyebab dari suatu gejala atau fenomena
  • Mengembangkan teori-teori turunan atau middle-range theory
  • Memberikan kontribusi teoretis yang signifikan dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan

Misalnya, Teori Struktural Fungsional oleh Talcott Parsons dalam ilmu sosial, atau Teori Kognitif Piaget dalam psikologi pendidikan, merupakan grand theory yang dapat menjadi dasar berpikir dalam banyak penelitian.

Kesimpulan

Landasan teori bukan sekadar kutipan ilmiah, melainkan dasar konseptual yang mengarahkan seluruh proses berpikir dalam penelitian. Keberadaan grand theory sangat penting untuk memperkuat posisi teoretis penelitian, memperluas cakupan analisis, serta membangun kontribusi ilmiah yang lebih bermakna.

Referensi (APA Style)

  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
  • Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
  • Piaget, J. (1972). The Psychology of the Child. New York: Basic Books.


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