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Apa Itu Tujuan Penelitian?

 

Apa Itu Tujuan Penelitian?

What (Apa Itu Tujuan Penelitian?)

Tujuan penelitian adalah pernyataan eksplisit yang menjelaskan hasil yang ingin dicapai oleh peneliti dari suatu studi ilmiah. Tujuan ini berfungsi sebagai arah dan batasan dalam proses penelitian. Menurut Creswell & Creswell (2018), tujuan penelitian terbagi menjadi dua jenis utama, yaitu tujuan umum (general objective) dan tujuan khusus (specific objectives), yang bersama-sama membantu membingkai fokus penelitian. Tujuan ini penting untuk menjaga relevansi antara masalah penelitian, kerangka teori, dan metode yang digunakan.

Why (Mengapa Tujuan Penelitian Penting?)

Menetapkan tujuan penelitian membantu memastikan bahwa studi dilakukan secara sistematis dan terarah. Tujuan juga berfungsi sebagai dasar untuk mengevaluasi hasil penelitian dan menentukan kontribusi teoretis maupun praktisnya. Sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill (2019), kejelasan tujuan penelitian memungkinkan peneliti menyusun desain penelitian yang tepat serta mempermudah pembaca dalam memahami relevansi dan manfaat penelitian.

When (Kapan Tujuan Penelitian Dirumuskan?)

Tujuan penelitian dirumuskan pada tahap awal penyusunan proposal penelitian, setelah identifikasi masalah dan perumusan rumusan masalah. Hal ini penting agar peneliti memiliki pedoman yang jelas sepanjang proses penelitian. Tujuan yang baik akan menjadi landasan untuk menyusun hipotesis, pertanyaan penelitian, hingga metode pengumpulan dan analisis data (Bell, Bryman, & Harley, 2019).

Where (Di Mana Tujuan Penelitian Digunakan?)

Tujuan penelitian digunakan dalam berbagai konteks akademik dan praktis, seperti dalam proposal skripsi, tesis, disertasi, artikel ilmiah, laporan penelitian, dan grant proposal. Dalam dokumen-dokumen tersebut, tujuan biasanya dituliskan setelah latar belakang dan rumusan masalah sebagai bagian penting dari pendahuluan.

How (Bagaimana Merumuskan Tujuan Penelitian yang Baik?)

Tujuan penelitian yang baik harus spesifik, terukur, dapat dicapai, relevan, dan berbatas waktu (SMART). Perumusan yang jelas dan ringkas akan membantu peneliti menentukan metode dan pendekatan yang sesuai. Sebagai contoh, tujuan penelitian bisa dirumuskan dengan kata kerja operasional seperti “mengidentifikasi,” “menganalisis,” atau “mengevaluasi.” Sebagaimana disarankan oleh Kumar (2022), peneliti harus menghindari rumusan yang terlalu luas atau ambigu karena dapat menyulitkan proses pelaksanaan dan interpretasi hasil.


Kesimpulan

Tujuan penelitian merupakan fondasi dari seluruh proses penelitian ilmiah. Dengan memahami apa, mengapa, kapan, di mana, dan bagaimana merumuskan tujuan, peneliti dapat menjalankan studi yang lebih fokus dan bermakna.


Referensi (APA Style 7th Edition)

  • Bell, E., Bryman, A., & Harley, B. (2019). Business research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Kumar, R. (2022). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
  • Punch, K. F., & Oancea, A. (2021). Introduction to research methods in education (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

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