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Simple Past Tense

Formula untuk Simple Past Tense adalah:
Subject + Verb2 + Object + Modifier
Contoh:
- Farmers in Jati Bali grew rice crops 6 months ago.
(Petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi 6 bulan yang lalu).
- Some students conducted research on vegetative plant propagations last year.
(Beberapa siswa melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif tahun lalu).
- Transpiration started to increase 3 hours ago. (Transpirasi mulai meningkat 3 jam yang lalu).

Note: jika subject diikuti oleh adjective atau noun, gunakan be was jika subject-nya I, he, she, it atau noun yang dapat digantikan oleh he, she atau it, dan gunakan were jika subject-nya you, they, we atau noun yang dapat digantikan dengan you, they atau we.


Subject + (was/were) + adjective/noun
Contoh:
- He was poor. (Dia (dulu) miskin).
- She was a good singer.
(Dia (dulu) penyanyi yang bagus)
- They were friends. (Mereka (dulu) berteman).
Penggunaan Simple Past Tense
1. Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian-kejadian yang telah berakhir (completed action),
yang terjadi pada waktu yang spesifik di masa lampau.
Contoh:
- I went to beach yesterday. (Saya pergi ke pantai kemarin).
- She was my girlfriend. (Dia (dulu) adalah pacar saya)
- The tsunami swept Banda Aceh and more than a hundred thousand people died.
(Tsunami menyapu Banda Aceh dan lebih dari seratus ribu orang meninggal dunia).
- This plant was 1 meter tall last month but it is almost 2 meters now.
(Tanaman ini setinggi 1 meter sebulan yang lalu tapi tingginya hampir 2 m sekarang).
- he was a very bad badminton player a year ago but he kicks everybody’s ass now.
(Dia (adalah) seorang pemain bulutangkis yang sangat jelek satu tahun yang lalu tetapi dia mengalahkan semua orang sekarang).

2. Untuk membuat sub-clause dari unreal conditionals tipe kedua, yaitu jika faktanya dalam simple present tense.
Contoh:
If I had a pair of wings, I would fly as high as I could.
-(Jika saya punya sepasang sayap, saya akan terbang setinggi saya bisa).
If he were here now, he could help us solve this math problem.
-(Jika dia di sini sekarang, dia dapat membantu kita memecahkan soal matematika ini).
If my English were very good, I wouldn’t need to read this.
-(Jika bahasa Inggris saya sangat bagus, saya tidak perlu membaca (tulisan) ini).
Note: Dalam unreal conditional sentence, be yang digunakan selalu “were“.
Hal ini dibahas secara lebih detail dalam conditional sentences.
3. Untuk membuat kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech)
jika kalimat langsungnya (direct speech) menggunakan simple present tense.
Contoh:
- He said that he was tired. (Dia berkata bahwa dia lelah).
- She said that she couldn’t find her book. (Dia berkata bahwa dia tidak dapat menemukan bukunya)
- He said that he missed his girlfriend. (Dia bilang bahwa dia rindu pacarnya).

Modifier of time untuk simple past tense
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan dalam Simple Past Tense, antara lain:
- yesterday (kemarin)
- ago (yang lalu). Misalnya: a minute ago, two days ago, a week ago, three months ago, two years ago, etc.
- last (yang lalu). Misalnya: last week, last year, last two days, last Monday, last December, etc.
- this + morning/noon/afternoon/evening.
Note: walaupun ago dan last memiliki arti yang  sama, perhatikan perbedaan letaknya.
Ago diletakkan setelah noun yang diterangkannya (i.e. noun + ago),
sedangkan last diletakkan sebelum noun (i.e. last + noun).

Negative Form
Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Past Tense dibuat dengan cara sebagai berikut:
- Tambahkan kata bantu did setelah subject.
- Tambahkan not setelah kata bantu did.
- Rubah verb2 menjadi verb1.
Jadi, setelah ketiga tahapan dilakukan, kalimat negatifnya akan mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + (did) + not + Verb1 + Object + Modifier
Note: Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan to be was atau were, kata bantu did tidak diperlukan.
Yang perlu dilakukan di sini hanyalah menyisipkan  not setelah to be.
Contoh:
- I did not go to Kuta beach yesterday. (Saya tidak pergi ke pantai Kuta kemarin).
- The tsunami did not sweep Medan. (Tsunami tidak  menyapu Medan).
- This plant was not 2 meters tall last month. (Tanaman ini tidak setinggi 2 meter sebulan yang lalu).
- I was not a very good badminton player a year ago. (Saya tidak seorang pemain bulutangkis yang sangat bagus satu tahun yang lalu).
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Past Tense adalah sebagai berikut:
Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier?
Note: Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan verb be (i.e. was atau were), tempatkan verb be sebelum subject.
Contoh:
- Did farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops 6 months ago?
(Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi 6 bulan yang lalu?).
- Did some students conduct research on vegetative plant propagations last year?
(Apakah beberapa siswa melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif tahun lalu?).
- Did transpiration start to increase 3 hours ago?
(Apakah transpirasi mulai meningkat 3 jam yang lalu?).
- Weren’t you a bad badminton player last year?
(bukankah kamu pemain bulutangkis yang jelek tahun lalu?).

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