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Apa Itu Metode Penelitian?

Apa Itu Metode Penelitian?


Metode penelitian adalah suatu prosedur atau langkah sistematis yang digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengumpulkan, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasikan data dalam rangka menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Metode ini menjadi pedoman utama dalam pelaksanaan riset agar prosesnya berjalan secara ilmiah, objektif, dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.


Menurut Saunders, Lewis, dan Thornhill (2019), metode penelitian mencakup pendekatan, strategi, dan teknik yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan baru dengan cara yang terstruktur dan logis.


Contoh Metode Penelitian

Judul Penelitian: Pengaruh Work From Home terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan di Perusahaan Teknologi

Metode: Kuantitatif

Teknik Pengumpulan Data: Kuesioner online

Analisis Data: Statistik deskriptif dan regresi linear

Tujuan: Mengukur seberapa besar variabel “work from home” berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas


Jenis-Jenis Metode Penelitian

1. Metode Kuantitatif

Pendekatan yang menggunakan data numerik dan analisis statistik. Bertujuan menguji hipotesis dan menghasilkan kesimpulan general.

📌 Contoh: Survei, eksperimen, analisis regresi.

2. Metode Kualitatif

Pendekatan yang mengeksplorasi makna, pengalaman, atau fenomena sosial melalui data non-numerik seperti wawancara, observasi, atau dokumen.

📌 Contoh: Studi kasus, etnografi, fenomenologi.

3. Metode Campuran (Mixed Methods)

Menggabungkan elemen kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif terhadap suatu masalah penelitian.

📌 Contoh: Survei + wawancara mendalam dalam satu studi.


Jenis-Jenis Data dalam Penelitian

1. Data Primer

Data yang dikumpulkan langsung oleh peneliti dari sumber pertama (responden) melalui kuesioner, wawancara, atau observasi.

2. Data Sekunder

Data yang diperoleh dari sumber kedua seperti laporan resmi, jurnal, buku, atau database statistik.

3. Data Kuantitatif

Data yang berbentuk angka dan dapat diukur atau dihitung secara statistik.

📌 Contoh: Jumlah responden, nilai ujian, pendapatan bulanan.

4. Data Kualitatif

Data non-numerik yang mengandung makna subjektif dan interpretatif.

📌 Contoh: Hasil wawancara, catatan observasi, kutipan responden.


Kesimpulan

Pemahaman terhadap metode penelitian sangat penting dalam proses ilmiah, karena metode yang tepat menentukan validitas dan reliabilitas temuan. Baik metode kuantitatif, kualitatif, maupun campuran memiliki kekuatan masing-masing, tergantung pada tujuan dan pertanyaan penelitian. Begitu juga dengan jenis data yang digunakan, harus relevan dan sesuai konteks studi.






Referensi (APA 7th Edition – 5 Tahun Terakhir)


Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.


Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students (8th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.


Flick, U. (2018). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.


Leavy, P. (2020). Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. Guilford Press.


Apuke, O. D. (2017). Quantitative research methods: A synopsis approach. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Kuwait Chapter), 6(10), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.12816/0040336


Please check our service, if you need help to publish your article in Scopus, Copernicus or even Sinta journal. 

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