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📖 Apa Itu Analisis SEM dengan SmartPLS (Dasar)?

1. What (Apa Itu SEM dengan SmartPLS?)

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) adalah metode statistik multivariat yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel laten dan indikatornya. SmartPLS adalah software berbasis Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) yang populer karena kemudahan penggunaan dan fleksibilitas dalam menganalisis data kompleks (Hair et al., 2021).

Berbeda dengan SEM berbasis kovarians (CB-SEM) yang lebih ketat pada asumsi distribusi normal, PLS-SEM dengan SmartPLS berfokus pada memaksimalkan varians yang dijelaskan (R²) sehingga lebih sesuai untuk penelitian eksploratif, sampel kecil, atau data non-normal (Sarstedt et al., 2020).


2. Who (Siapa yang Menggunakan SmartPLS?)

Pengguna SmartPLS meliputi:

  • Mahasiswa → skripsi, tesis, disertasi yang meneliti model konseptual dengan banyak variabel.

  • Dosen & Peneliti → riset empiris bidang manajemen, pemasaran, pendidikan, kesehatan.

  • Praktisi Bisnis → analisis perilaku konsumen, kepuasan pelanggan, dan adopsi teknologi.

Contoh: Seorang mahasiswa S2 Manajemen menggunakan SmartPLS untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi belajar dan gaya mengajar terhadap prestasi akademik dengan self-efficacy sebagai mediator.


3. When (Kapan SmartPLS Digunakan?)

SmartPLS digunakan ketika:

  1. Penelitian bersifat eksploratif dan teori belum mapan.

  2. Data penelitian memiliki sampel kecil (<200) atau distribusi tidak normal.

  3. Model penelitian melibatkan hubungan kompleks dengan banyak konstruk laten.

  4. Tujuan penelitian lebih pada prediksi daripada konfirmasi teori (Hair et al., 2019).


4. Where (Di Mana SmartPLS Digunakan?)

SmartPLS dapat digunakan di berbagai bidang:

  • Manajemen & Pemasaran: analisis perilaku konsumen, e-commerce adoption.

  • Pendidikan: model motivasi belajar, strategi mengajar, hasil akademik.

  • Kesehatan: analisis adopsi teknologi kesehatan.

  • Ilmu Sosial: pengaruh regulasi, budaya organisasi, perilaku masyarakat.

Misalnya, penelitian adopsi e-learning di perguruan tinggi Indonesia menggunakan SmartPLS untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, dan intention to use (Henseler, 2021).


5. Why (Mengapa SmartPLS Penting?)

SmartPLS penting karena:

  1. Mudah digunakan → antarmuka grafis user-friendly.

  2. Fleksibel → cocok untuk model reflektif maupun formatif.

  3. Tidak membutuhkan data normal → bisa digunakan dengan distribusi non-normal.

  4. Cocok untuk prediksi → menjawab kebutuhan penelitian applied.

  5. Kompatibel dengan data kecil → tetap valid meski hanya 50–100 sampel (Richter et al., 2020).


6. How (Bagaimana Menggunakan SmartPLS – Dasar?)

Langkah dasar analisis SEM dengan SmartPLS:

1️⃣ Membangun Model Teoritis
Definisikan konstruk laten (misalnya: motivasi belajar, gaya mengajar, prestasi akademik).

2️⃣ Menyusun Outer Model (Model Pengukuran)

  • Reflektif → indikator mencerminkan konstruk.

  • Formatf → indikator membentuk konstruk.
    Evaluasi: Loading (>0,7), Average Variance Extracted (AVE >0,5), Composite Reliability (CR >0,7).

3️⃣ Menyusun Inner Model (Model Struktural)
Menguji hubungan antar konstruk laten. Evaluasi: R², Q², f², serta signifikansi path coefficients.

4️⃣ Bootstrapping
Menjalankan resampling (biasanya 5000 subsample) untuk menguji signifikansi jalur.

5️⃣ Interpretasi Hasil
Menafsirkan hubungan langsung, tidak langsung, total effect, serta validitas model.


📊 Tabel Perbedaan CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM (SmartPLS)

AspekCB-SEM (AMOS, LISREL)PLS-SEM (SmartPLS)
TujuanKonfirmasi teoriPrediksi, eksplorasi
Asumsi DataNormalitas multivariatNon-normal, sampel kecil
Ukuran Sampel>20050–100 cukup
Evaluasi ModelGoodness of Fit (RMSEA, CFI)R², Q², f²
Tipe KonstrukLebih cocok reflektifBisa reflektif & formatif
FleksibilitasRelatif ketatSangat fleksibel

✅ Keunggulan SmartPLS

  1. Cocok untuk model kompleks dengan banyak indikator.

  2. Tidak membutuhkan asumsi distribusi ketat.

  3. Memungkinkan analisis multi-group dan moderasi.

  4. Gratis versi student dan relatif murah versi pro.

⚠️ Kekurangan SmartPLS

  1. Kurang cocok untuk penelitian teori konfirmatori.

  2. Beberapa reviewer jurnal Q1 lebih menyukai CB-SEM.

  3. Hasil lebih condong ke prediksi daripada validasi teori.

  4. Interpretasi advanced (misalnya HTMT ratio) butuh pemahaman mendalam (Sarstedt et al., 2020).


📌 Contoh Studi Nyata

Penelitian oleh Fu (2024) menggunakan PLS-SEM untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara customer experience dan brand loyalty dengan customer trust sebagai mediator. Hasilnya menunjukkan R² sebesar 0,62, dengan semua indikator valid (loading >0,7, AVE >0,5).

Di Indonesia, banyak mahasiswa menggunakan SmartPLS untuk meneliti topik adopsi fintech dan green marketing, karena modelnya kompleks dan data tidak selalu berdistribusi normal.


💬 Ajakan Diskusi

SmartPLS menjadi software favorit bagi mahasiswa dan peneliti untuk analisis SEM. Namun, ada perdebatan apakah PLS-SEM cukup kuat untuk teori konfirmatori, atau sebaiknya tetap menggunakan CB-SEM.

👉 Menurut Anda, apakah SmartPLS sudah cukup kredibel untuk riset internasional Q1, atau hanya cocok untuk riset prediktif di level mahasiswa? Diskusikan di laacademic.com 🚀


📚 Referensi (APA, 2019–2024, Scopus & Books)

  • Fu, X. (2024). Advances in partial least squares structural equation modeling: New algorithms and applications. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 31(2), 187–203.

  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage.

  • Henseler, J. (2021). Partial least squares path modeling: Quo vadis? Quality & Quantity, 55(1), 1–12.

  • Richter, N. F., Schubring, S., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2020). When predictors of outcomes are necessary: Guidelines for the use of PLS-SEM. European Journal of Marketing, 54(6), 1281–1309.

  • Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2020). Treating unobserved heterogeneity in PLS-SEM. Journal of Business Research, 113, 359–367.


  • Please check our service, if you need help to publish your article in Scopus, Copernicus or even Sinta journal. 

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