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📖 Menguji Hipotesis di SmartPLS: Analisis dengan Pendekatan 5W1H

 

1. What (Apa Itu Uji Hipotesis di SmartPLS?)

Hipotesis adalah dugaan sementara tentang hubungan antar variabel yang harus diuji dengan data empiris. Dalam konteks Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), pengujian hipotesis dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen, baik secara langsung, mediasi, maupun moderasi (Hair et al., 2020).

SmartPLS menyediakan fitur bootstrapping untuk menghitung nilai t-statistics, p-value, dan confidence interval sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan. Dengan demikian, pengujian hipotesis di SmartPLS memungkinkan peneliti mengetahui apakah hubungan yang dibangun dalam model struktural terbukti signifikan.

Contoh: Hipotesis H1: Literasi digital berpengaruh positif terhadap adopsi mobile banking.

2. Who (Siapa yang Menggunakan Uji Hipotesis di SmartPLS?)

Pengguna utama SmartPLS adalah:

  • Mahasiswa S1/S2/S3 → terutama saat menulis skripsi, tesis, atau disertasi dengan model SEM.

  • Peneliti akademik → menggunakan SmartPLS untuk riset di bidang bisnis, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan teknologi.

  • Praktisi riset pasar → untuk menguji hubungan antar variabel konsumen, kepuasan, atau loyalitas.

  • Dosen dan pembimbing → sebagai alat bantu supervisi penelitian mahasiswa.

Contoh nyata: mahasiswa manajemen menggunakan SmartPLS untuk menguji apakah kualitas layanan dan harga memengaruhi kepuasan konsumen, dengan loyalitas sebagai variabel mediasi.

3. When (Kapan Uji Hipotesis Dilakukan?)

Uji hipotesis dilakukan pada tahap analisis data, setelah:

  1. Model konseptual ditentukan (hubungan antar variabel sudah jelas).

  2. Instrumen penelitian diuji validitas & reliabilitas.

  3. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner atau observasi.

  4. Model PLS-SEM dijalankan dalam SmartPLS → menghasilkan output.

Barulah pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan teknik bootstrapping. Biasanya, uji hipotesis ini muncul pada Bab IV (hasil penelitian) dalam skripsi/tesis/disertasi.

4. Where (Di Mana Uji Hipotesis Digunakan?)

SmartPLS dapat digunakan di berbagai disiplin ilmu, misalnya:

  • Bisnis & Manajemen → hubungan antara kualitas layanan, kepuasan, dan loyalitas pelanggan.

  • Pendidikan → pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi akademik dengan mediasi self-efficacy.

  • Kesehatan → faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan pasien terhadap terapi.

  • Sosial & Teknologi → adopsi teknologi digital (TAM, UTAUT).

Contoh: penelitian adopsi e-learning di universitas menggunakan SmartPLS untuk menguji hubungan antara perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, dan intention to use.

5. Why (Mengapa Uji Hipotesis Penting di SmartPLS?)

Ada beberapa alasan mengapa pengujian hipotesis penting:

  1. Membuktikan teori → hipotesis menguji apakah teori berlaku pada konteks penelitian tertentu.

  2. Menjawab research gap → apakah hubungan antar variabel sudah terbukti atau tidak.

  3. Mengukur kekuatan hubungan → SmartPLS menampilkan path coefficient (β) untuk menunjukkan besar pengaruh.

  4. Memberi rekomendasi praktis → misalnya, manajer bank bisa tahu apakah literasi digital benar-benar memengaruhi adopsi mobile banking.

Tanpa uji hipotesis, penelitian hanya bersifat deskriptif, bukan verifikatif.

6. How (Bagaimana Cara Menguji Hipotesis di SmartPLS?)

Langkah-langkah:

  1. Buat model konseptual → hubungkan variabel independen, dependen, mediasi/moderasi.

  2. Impor data ke SmartPLS (format Excel/CSV).

  3. Jalankan PLS Algorithm untuk melihat nilai loading, AVE, CR, dan R².

  4. Lakukan Bootstrapping dengan 5.000 subsample (default).

  5. Analisis Output:

    • t-statistics ≥ 1,96 → signifikan (α = 0,05).

    • p-value ≤ 0,05 → signifikan.

    • CI (Confidence Interval) tidak melewati nol → signifikan.

  6. Tarik Kesimpulan: terima atau tolak hipotesis.

Contoh Output:

  • H1: β = 0,321; t = 4,567; p = 0,000 → Hipotesis diterima.

📊 Tabel Perbedaan Jenis Hubungan dalam Uji Hipotesis SmartPLS

Jenis HubunganPenjelasanContohKeunggulanKelemahan
LangsungVariabel X → YLiterasi digital → Adopsi mobile bankingMudah dipahamiTidak menjelaskan mekanisme
MediasiX → M → YLiterasi digital → Kepercayaan → Adopsi mobile bankingMenjelaskan mekanisme hubunganAnalisis lebih kompleks
ModerasiX * Z → YLiterasi digital * Usia → Adopsi mobile bankingMenunjukkan kondisi kapan efek lebih kuat/lemahInterpretasi rumit

✅ Kelebihan & ⚠️ Kekurangan SmartPLS dalam Uji Hipotesis

Kelebihan

  • Cocok untuk sampel kecil (<200 responden).

  • Fleksibel untuk model kompleks (mediasi, moderasi).

  • Output visual mudah dipahami.

  • Tidak memerlukan asumsi distribusi normal yang ketat.

Kekurangan

  • Lebih cocok untuk eksploratif, bukan konfirmatori murni.

  • Interpretasi hasil bisa subjektif.

  • Dibanding AMOS/LISREL, SmartPLS kadang dipandang kurang ketat secara statistik.

🎯 Contoh Kasus Penelitian

Penelitian di bidang perbankan digital:

  • H1: Literasi digital → Adopsi mobile banking.

  • H2: Kepercayaan memediasi hubungan literasi digital → Adopsi mobile banking.

  • H3: Usia memoderasi pengaruh literasi digital → Adopsi mobile banking.

Hasil analisis SmartPLS menunjukkan bahwa literasi digital signifikan berpengaruh, trust menjadi mediasi parsial, dan usia memperkuat hubungan hanya pada kelompok muda.

💬 Ajakan Diskusi

Bagaimana pengalaman Anda menggunakan SmartPLS untuk menguji hipotesis? Apakah lebih banyak menemukan hubungan langsung, mediasi, atau moderasi?
Silakan tinggalkan komentar atau bagikan pengalaman Anda di laacademic.com 🚀

📚 Referensi (APA, 2019–2024, Scopus-indexed & Books)

  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2020). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

  • Henseler, J., & Ringle, C. M. (2021). The relevance of the PLS path modeling method. Quality & Quantity, 55(2), 1–15.

  • Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: A useful tool for family business researchers. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 12(1), 100390.

  • Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., & Cobanoglu, C. (2021). Using SmartPLS in hospitality and tourism research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(11), 3880–3899.

  • Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Ramayah, T., & Memon, M. A. (2022). Testing mediation and moderation using SmartPLS. International Journal of Business and Society, 23(2), 549–568.


Please check our service, if you need help to publish your article in Scopus, Copernicus or even Sinta journal. 


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