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Apa itu Pengembangan Hipotesis?

1. What (Apa itu Pengembangan Hipotesis?)


Pengembangan hipotesis adalah proses merumuskan dugaan sementara mengenai hubungan antarvariabel yang akan diuji melalui penelitian ilmiah. Hipotesis berfungsi sebagai pedoman dalam mengarahkan pengumpulan dan analisis data sehingga penelitian dapat berjalan terstruktur. Dalam penelitian kuantitatif, hipotesis biasanya bersifat prediktif dan dapat diuji secara empiris, sedangkan pada penelitian kualitatif, hipotesis lebih bersifat eksploratif atau muncul selama proses penelitian (Creswell & Creswell, 2018).


2. Why (Mengapa Pengembangan Hipotesis Penting?)

Pengembangan hipotesis penting karena: Memberikan arah yang jelas bagi penelitian. Membantu peneliti menentukan metode pengumpulan dan analisis data. Mempermudah interpretasi hasil penelitian. Menjadi dasar dalam pengujian teori atau model konseptual yang ada. Tanpa hipotesis yang jelas, penelitian berisiko kehilangan fokus dan sulit mengukur keberhasilan hasil penelitian (Sekaran & Bougie, 2020).


3. When (Kapan Pengembangan Hipotesis Dilakukan?)

Pengembangan hipotesis dilakukan setelah peneliti menyelesaikan kajian pustaka (literature review) dan identifikasi masalah penelitian. Tahap ini biasanya berada pada bagian awal perencanaan penelitian, sebelum pengumpulan data dimulai. Dalam penelitian eksperimental atau survei kuantitatif, hipotesis disusun sebelum penelitian dimulai, sedangkan dalam penelitian grounded theory, hipotesis dapat muncul selama proses analisis data (Charmaz, 2019).


4. Where (Di Mana Pengembangan Hipotesis Diterapkan?)

Pengembangan hipotesis diterapkan dalam berbagai disiplin ilmu, seperti: Ilmu sosial (misalnya sosiologi, psikologi, pendidikan). Ilmu ekonomi dan bisnis (misalnya manajemen, pemasaran, keuangan). Ilmu kesehatan (misalnya epidemiologi, keperawatan, kesehatan masyarakat). Ilmu teknik dan sains (misalnya fisika, biologi, teknik industri).


5. How (Bagaimana Mengembangkan Hipotesis?)

Langkah-langkah mengembangkan hipotesis meliputi:

1. Identifikasi masalah penelitian berdasarkan observasi atau gap dari penelitian terdahulu.

2. Kajian teori dan literatur untuk memahami variabel-variabel yang relevan.

3. Menentukan hubungan antarvariabel (variabel independen dan dependen).

4. Merumuskan hipotesis yang jelas, spesifik, dan dapat diuji.

5. Memastikan hipotesis sesuai dengan teori yang ada dan dapat diuji secara empiris.


Contoh:

Judul penelitian: Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Perusahaan X

Hipotesis: Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Perusahaan X.

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Referensi (APA Style 7th Edition, 5 Tahun Terakhir)

Charmaz, K. (2019). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (8th ed.). Wiley.

Taherdoost, H. (2021). Data collection methods and tools for research; a step-by-step guide to choose data collection technique for academic and business research projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 10(1), 10–38. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205035

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.



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